Reunindo o contributo de autores oriundos de múltiplas áreas, incidindo sobre a filosofia, as tradições religiosas e sapienciais, a história, a literatura, a linguística, a literatura oral, a obra que agora se publica, sob a égide do Centro de Estudos Clássicos e do Centro de Estudos Comparatistas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, constitui uma visão plural sobre a sabedoria, sobre o lugar da memória na compreensão sábia da realidade, enfim, sobre o modo como a sabedoria e a (...) memória se cruzam. (shrink)

Pensar o pensamento: a leitura e a reconstrução do imaginário social na formação superior Resumo: O artigo reflete sobre a formação humana em cursos superiores na perspectiva da capacitação crítico-reflexiva que prepare para a vida em sociedade. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com reflexão a partir de estudo teórico que tematiza a condição humana, a noção de imaginário social instituinte e o desafio do desenvolvimento do pensamento mediante o exercício da leitura. Analisa que na época atual, em que o ensino convive (...) com as novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, há uma relativização do compromisso do próprio sujeito para com o desenvolvimento de suas capacidades de leitura e de reflexão a partir da interpretação da linguagem. Indica que a universidade deve ter a preocupação essencial de formar o sujeito de forma integral, para além formação profissional, exigindo um repensar do ensino e da aprendizagem a partir do desafio da construção de uma sociabilidade solidária e sustentável. Palavras-chave: Autonomia. Ensino superior. Educação. Formação humana. Imaginário social. Think the thought: the reading and the reconstruction of the social imaginary in higher education: The article reflects on human training in higher education in the perspective of critical-reflexive training that prepares for life in society. It is a qualitative research with reflection from a theoretical study that thematizes the human condition, the notion of social imaginary instituting and the challenge of the development of the thought through the exercise of reading. It analyzes that in the present time, in which teaching coexists with the new technologies of information and communication, there is a relativization of the commitment of the subject itself with the development of its reading and reflection abilities from the interpretation of the language. It indicates that the university should have the essential concern to train the subject in an integral way, besides professional training, requiring a rethink of teaching and learning from the challenge of building a solidary and sustainable sociability. Keywords: Autonomy. Higher education. Education. Human formation. Social imaginary. Pensar el pensamiento: la lectura y la reconstrucción del imaginario social en la educación superior Resumen: El artículo refleja sobre la formación humana en cursos superiores en la perspectiva de la capacitación crítico-reflexiva que prepare para la vida en sociedad. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con reflexión a partir del estudio teórico que tematiza la condición humana, la noción de imaginario social instituyente y el desafío del desarrollo del pensamiento mediante el ejercicio de la lectura. En la época actual, en la que la enseñanza convive con las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación, hay una relativización del compromiso del propio sujeto para con el desarrollo de sus capacidades de lectura y de reflexión a partir de la interpretación del lenguaje. Indica que la universidad debe tener la preocupación esencial de formar al sujeto de forma integral, además de formación profesional, exigiendo un repensar de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje a partir del desafío de la construcción de una sociabilidad solidaria y sostenible. Palabras clave: Autonomía. Enseñanza superior. Educación. Formación humana. Imaginario social. Data de registro: 06/02/2019 Data de aceite: 24/04/2020. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa como princípio formativo e destaca a sua relevância para a dimensão do conhecimento e da aprendizagem, trazendo evidências que ela é o modo humano de conhecer e compreender. Objetiva-se chamar a atenção para diferentes dimensões formativas da pesquisa e que, em certo sentido, podem ser situadas como pressupostas ou anteriores a quaisquer modalidades, métodos, tipos ou estratégias de sua realização específica. Nessa direção, a pesquisa pode ser compreendida, em termos gerais, como constituidora do modo de (...) ser humano e, em termos específicos, do modo de ser estudantil e, também, docente. Para tanto, argumenta-se que a linguagem é um traço distintivo dos humanos que lhes permite simbolizar, interpretar, compreender e transformar; tais aspectos permitem dizer que a constituição do mundo humano é uma autocriação. Por fim, destaca-se a pesquisa como esforço em compreender as situações práticas mediante o recurso a categorias teóricas e/ou interpretativas e como uma atividade humana de fundamental importância e que tem nas instituições educativas um lugar privilegiado para a sua otimização, na medida em que inter-relaciona o ensino, a pesquisa e a experiência prática da vida. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se aborda la cuestión de si la fenomenología husserliana puede ser considerada un correlacionismo en el sentido en que Quentin Meillassoux lo caracteriza en Después de la finitud y textos relacionados. Se sostiene que la respuesta debe ser negativa strictu sensu, aunque se añade que la fenomenología de Husserl sí puede ser entendida como un correlacionismo, pero uno sui generis que cae fuera de la concepción de Meillassoux. Al contestar a esta interrogante se busca brindar una (...) vía de aclaración a posibles malentendidos sobre la fenomenología husserliana que pudieran suscitarse a propósito de los planteamientos de Meillassoux y, a su vez, se pretende contribuir al diálogo de dicha forma de fenomenología con otras corrientes filosóficas contemporáneas. (shrink)

This article reconstructs Habermas hypothesis that in the sacral complexity the rite precedes the myth and that could explain the permanence of religion as archaic source of solidarity even in the context of the secular world. Mythical narratives, in confrontation with science, shall lose the capacity to explain the world while the religious rites are still able to produce social integration and to collaborate for the construction of identities, at least for those who manifest such sensibility. Confrontation is stablished with (...) Charles Taylor positions, not directly about the hypothesis mentioned above but about the assumptions, that inspires it. Taylor sees the religious experience as generated in the present, an opening to transcendence of the internal modern immanent order, capable to offer therapy to pathologies of a modernity that, even accomplished great advances, has the risk of self-encapsulation. (shrink)

In Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations, one can find a number of remarks that could be seen as antithetical to classic philosophical analysis. There are passages seemingly rejecting the ideas of concept decomposition, regression to first principles, and semantic substitution. The criticism, I argue, is aimed not at analysis in particular, but rather at some idealizations that pervade a certain picture of philosophy. This picture can be contrasted with Wittgenstein’s pragmatist view of explanations of meaning which, I believe, can inform a (...) different attitude towards philosophical method that aligns well with a vision of philosophy as conversation. If we think of philosophy as engaging in the development and exchange of explanations of meaning, we can see how various methods can coexist insofar as they are useful, and as long as the urge to sublimate them beyond our practices can be avoided. (shrink)

Signalling games are popular models for studying the evolution of meaning, but typical approaches do not incorporate vagueness as a feature of successful signalling. Complementing recent like-minded models, we describe an aggregate population-level dynamic that describes a process of imitation of successful behaviour under imprecise perception and realization of similar stimuli. Applying this new dynamic to a generalization of Lewis’s signalling games, we show that stochastic imprecision leads to vague, yet by-and-large efficient signal use, and, moreover, that it unifies evolutionary (...) outcomes and helps avoid sub-optimal categorization. The upshot of this is that we see ‘as-if’-generalization at an aggregate level, without agents actually generalizing. _1_ Introduction _2_ Background _2.1_ Sim-max games and conceptual spaces _2.2_ Vagueness in sim-max games and conceptual spaces _2.3_ Vagueness, functional pressure, and transmission biases _3_ Imprecise Imitation _3.1_ Replicator dynamic in behavioural strategies _3.2_ Noise-perturbed conditional imitation _4_ Exploring Imprecise Imitation _4.1_ Setting the stage _4.2_ Simulation set-up _4.3_ Measures of interest _4.4_ Results _5_ Discussion _5.1_ Levels of vagueness _5.2_ Evolutionary benefits of imprecision _5.3_ Related work _6_ Conclusion Appendix. (shrink)

A vexing puzzle about vagueness, rationality, and evolution runs, in crude abbreviation, as follows: vague language use is demonstrably suboptimal if the goal is efficient, precise and cooperative information transmission; hence rational deliberation or evolutionary selection should, under this assumed goal, eradicate vagueness from language use. Since vagueness is pervasive and entrenched in all human languages, something has to give. In this paper, we focus on this problem in the context of signaling games. We provide an overview of a number (...) of proposed ways in which vagueness may come into the picture in formal models of rational and evolutionary signaling. Most argue that vague signal use is simply the best we can get, given certain factors. Despite the plausibility of the proposals, we argue that a deeper understanding of the benefits of vagueness needs a more ecological perspective, namely one that goes beyond the local optimization of signaling strategies in a homogeneous population. As an example of one possible way to expand upon our current models, we propose two variants of a novel multi-population dynamic of imprecise imitation where, under certain conditions, populations with vague language use dominate over populations with precise language use. (shrink)

The ways in which languages have come to divide the visible spectrum with their color terminology, in both their variety and the apparent universal tendencies, are still largely unexplained. Building on recent work in modeling color perception and categorization, as well as the theory of signaling games, we incrementally construct a color categorization model which combines perceptual characteristics of individual agents, game-theoretic signaling interaction of these agents, and the probability of observing particular colors as an environmental constraint. We also propose (...) a method of transparent evaluation against the data gathered in the World Color Survey. The results show that the model’s predictive power is comparable to the current state of the art. Additionally, we argue that the model we suggest is superior in terms of motivation of the principles involved, and that its explanatory relevance with respect to color categorization in languages is therefore higher. Our results suggest that the universal tendencies of color categorization cannot be explained solely in terms of the shape of the color space induced by our perceptual apparatus. We believe that only by taking the heterogeneity of the phenomenon seriously can we acquire a deeper understanding of why color categorization takes the forms we observe across languages. (shrink)

Objective: The study was designed to substantiate the obligations to the human embryo that can be established from the standpoint of autonomy, by showing the human embryo to be a subject of rights. Materials and Methods: Documentary research was done, supplemented with content from in-depth interviews conducted with a team of leading experts in medicine, law and philosophy. A script was used as a research tool, but with the freedom to expand on some of the issues with new questions suggested (...) by the person being interviewed or by the research team, as relevant to each interview. Results: Eight experts were interviewed: two in medicine, three in rights and three in philosophy. The interviews clearly showed there is an objective basis for the human rights of the embryo, which now are being violated by so-called legal abortion, through decriminalization via exceptions and decriminaliza-tion based on terms. Conclusion: We live in a society that has lost sight of the very foundation of common sense when it comes to protecting the unborn, especially in its embryonic stage, appealing to the bioethical principles of dignity, integrity and vulnerability. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the quarantine undergone by children in many countries is a stressful situation about which little is known to date. Children and adolescents' behaviors to cope with home confinement may be associated with their emotional welfare. The objectives of this study were: to examine the coping strategies used out by children and adolescents during the COVID-19 health crisis, to analyze the differences in these behaviors in three countries, and to examine the relationship between different coping modalities and (...) adaptation. Participants were 1,480 parents of children aged 3–18 years from three European countries. The children's mean age was 9.15 years. Parents completed an online survey providing information on symptoms and coping behaviors observed in their children. The most frequent coping strategies were accepting what is happening, collaborating with quarantine social activities, acting as if nothing is happening, highlighting the advantages of being at home, and not appearing to be worried about what is happening. Compared to Italian and Spanish children, Portuguese children used a sense of humor more frequently when their parents talked about the situation. Acting as if nothing was happening, collaborating with social activities, and seeking comfort from others were more likely in Spanish children than in children from the other countries. Compared to Portuguese and Spanish children, Italian children did not seem worried about what was happening. Overall, an emotional-oriented coping style was directly correlated with a greater presence of anxious symptoms, as well as to mood, sleep, behavioral, and cognitive alterations. Task-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles were related to better psychological adaptation. Results also show that unaffected children or children with a lower level of impact were more likely to use strategies based on a positive focus on the situation. This study provides interesting data on the strategies to be promoted by parents to cope with the COVID-19 health crisis in children. (shrink)

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being. However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women were randomly divided into the exercising group and the non-exercising (...) control group. The pre/post assessment included: salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; and immunoglobulin-A ; salivary steroid hormones of testosterone and cortisol ; functional fitness ; MWB questionnaires.ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP. The increase in subjective happiness levels and decrease of stress perception and depressive state were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed and balance tests were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function.ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults. (shrink)

A pesar de las «discrepancias radicales» entre ambos autores, este ensayo muestra cómo fueron leídas e interpretadas las Reflexiones sobre la violencia de G. Sorel por Ortega y Gasset. Sin embargo, una mirada crítica nos ofrece cómo el éthos orteguiano y el recurso a la huelga de G. Sorel son estructuras distintas, pero convergentes en sus filosofías. Asimismo descubrimos la misma reflexión en torno al cristianismo y al Renacimiento como metáforas culturales para comprender el desarrollo vital de la razón histórica (...) en épocas de crisis como las que vivieron los dos pensadores. (shrink)

The containment measures imposed during the first COVID-19 outbreak required economic, social, and behavioral changes to minimize the spread of the coronavirus. Some studies have focused on how personality predicts distinct patterns of adherence to protective measures with psychopathic and antisocial traits predicting reduced engagement in such measures. In this study we extended previous findings by analyzing how boldness, meanness, and disinhibition psychopathic traits relate with both risk perceptions and protective behaviors during the first COVID-19 outbreak. A sample of 194 (...) individuals engaged in the survey, were assessed for psychopathic traits with the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and completed a COVID-19 survey targeting risk perceptions and frequency of protective behaviors. Overall results show that boldness predicts reduced estimate of COVID-19 spread, reduced perceived risk of becoming infected, reduced state anxiety toward COVID-19, and reduced frequency of protective behaviors. Exploratory mediation models suggest that risk perceptions are not significant mediators of the association between psychopathic traits and reduced engagement in protective behaviors. Our results unveil that psychopathic traits affect risk perceptions and the propensity to engage in protective measures, emphasizing the need to accommodate these personality features in the public health strategy to control the COVID-19 spread. (shrink)

With respect to De Dreu and Gross's article, we comment on the psychological functions for attack and defense, focusing on associations between individual differences in psychopathic personality traits and the behavioral patterns observed in attack-defense conflicts. We highlight the dimensional nature of psychopathy and formulate hypothetical associations between distinct traits, their different behavioral outcomes, and associated brain mechanisms.

O presente estudo procurou levantar desafios e possibilidades da incorporação das redes sociais no processo de implementação de ações preventivas ao uso de drogas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção empregando as seguintes técnicas de coleta de dados: observação p..

This book clarifies the meaning of the most important and pervasive concepts and tools in bioethical argumentation and assesses the methodological suitability of the main methods for clinical decision-making and argumentation. The first part of the book is devoted to the most developed or promising approaches regarding bioethical argumentation, namely those based on principles, values and human rights. The authors then continue to deal with the contributions and shortcomings of these approaches and suggest further developments by means of substantive and (...) procedural elements and concepts from practical philosophy, normative systems theory, theory of action, human rights and legal argumentation. Furthermore, new models of biomedical and health care decision-making, which overcome the aforementioned criticism and stress the relevance of the argumentative responsibility, are included. (shrink)

Este artigo discute as transformações na indústria fonográfica desde os anos 90 provocadas pelo formato mp3, que, em uma primeira abordagem, é apontado como responsável pelo encolhimento da venda de discos e por promover a pirataria fonográfica em escala mundial. Neste recorte, conceitos como autoria, direito autoral e outros tem de ser repensados à luz desta tecnologia ao mesmo tempo em que se discute seu potencial criativo e sua capacidade de democratizar a produção sonora.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the attitudes of Portuguese chartered accountants with respect to questions of ethical nature that can arise in their professional activity. Respondents were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire developed by Forsyth (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(1), 175–184, 1980), in order to determine their idealism and relativism levels. Subsequently, they answered questions about five scenarios related to accounting practices, with the objective of measuring their ethical judgments. Based on (...) the idealism and relativism levels of our respondents, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies (absolutism, exceptionism, subjectivism, and situationism). The results indicated that age was the major determinant of relativism. Contrary to previous research, older respondents revealed themselves significantly more relativistic than younger ones. Gender seems to be the most important determinant of ethical judgments; against expectations, men evidenced significantly stricter judgments than women in two of the five scenarios. Findings also indicated that respondents’ ethical judgments did not differ significantly based on their ethical ideology, supporting the idea that ethical ideology is not an important determinant of ethical judgments. (shrink)

El trabajo titulado "Ojo. Una mirada transdisciplinar", realizado por profesor Wilson Andrés Parra, impreso por la Universidad de La Sabana y su Facultad de Medicina, recoge un arsenal de aproximaciones epistemológicas complejas. Sin duda alguna es un esfuerzo de altísimo interés por acercarse a las distintas perspectivas que, sobre el ojo y la visión, la representación y los efectos que sobre la mente y el conocimiento ha permitido este maravilloso y casi perfecto órgano, como portador, y al mismo tiempo receptor, (...) de luz física e intelectual para el género humano. (shrink)

The idea of Immortality plays a very important (and often unknown) part in Kantian Criticism. This paper analyses the epistemological value of the second postulate of practical reason and the ontological dimension of this one. The results of this research will allow to value the reception of Kant's Criticism in the contemporary Philosophy of Mind.

Este artigo narra os encontros de jovens periféricos na Praça do Final da Linha, localizada no bairro de Sapiranga, em Fortaleza. Exploramos a praça como um espaço multifacetado e multifuncional, que desempenha diversos papéis essenciais na comunidade, servindo como escritório, palco e local de louvor. Entre 2019 e 2020, diferentes coletivos juvenis e jovens moradores das comunidades do bairro passaram a ocupar a praça, realizando feiras, exibições de filmes, cursos de empreendedorismo e o festival Sapiranga Sound System, entre outras atividades. (...) Essas iniciativas projetaram artistas locais e foram vinculadas ao debate sobre questões de classe, etnia, gênero e sexualidade. A arte emergiu como a alternativa encontrada por esses jovens para enfrentar desafios como a violência, a ausência de políticas públicas e a vulnerabilidade econômica. (shrink)

The market’s demand for high-quality products necessitates innovative manufacturing approaches that emphasize flexibility, adaptability, and the reduction of defects. Traditional systems are currently evolving towards embracing I4.0 technologies, including data collection, processing, analytics and digital twin, aiming for zero-defect manufacturing quality. This paper introduces an open platform, compliant with RAMI4.0 standards, designed to improve manufacturing quality. The platform integrates data using Asset Administration Shells with microservices adaptation for data ingestion and advanced analytics. Additionally, it incorporates Non-Destructive Inspection tools, demonstrating a (...) seamless integration of measurement and quality assurance. This study details the architectural specification and validation of the openZDM platform, employing microservices to ensure flexibility, modularity and scalability, aligning with the RAMI4.0 model. The platform was validated through deployment in an automotive assembly line, highlighting its effectiveness in integrating inspection scenarios and early defect detection tools. The architecture employs a choreographed approach to manage loosely coupled microservices, enabling efficient data lifecycle management from collection through analytics to visualization. (shrink)

We intend to point out that in the Gorgias, dialogue devoted to the critique of rhetoric, Socrates' frequent allusions to the body's complexion, and the recurrent use of corporeal metaphors to refer to what, by analogy, happens to the soul, function as a rhetoric tool in order to oppose Gorgias' own rhetoric. Thus, while drawing attention to the way Plato uses the weapons of the adversary precisely to attack him, we emphasize the indispensable role of the body as evidence of (...) the soul in Platonic philosophy. Therefore, our intent is to reinforce the interpretive strand according to which Plato can be understood more as a thinker who departs from the pressing problems of his time in order to lead us into philosophical reflections – in the present dialogue, the political consequences of a _paideia _oriented by sophistic rhetoric –, than as a philosopher solely committed to a transcendent metaphysics. (shrink)